We begin our journey in Izmir, the site of Smyrna, known as “the suffering church.” This city is closely associated with Bishop Polycarp, a 2nd-century Christian martyr who was burned alive at the age of 85. (Revelation 2:8-11)
Next, we visit Pergamum, described in Revelation as “where Satan’s throne is”— a reference to the grand Altar of Zeus. This is “the compromising church,” known for blending pagan practices with Christian beliefs. (Revelation 2:12-17) (Read Ertunga Ecir’s full analysis to understand the archaeological and historical context of Pergamum as "Satan’s Throne.")
Our last stop for the day is Thyatira, “the adulterous church,” criticized for tolerating false prophets like Jezebel. (Revelation 2:18-29)
Overnight stay in Sardis.




